The man and biosphere program of unesco mab was a pioneer in recognizing the role of local communities in the conservation of biodiversity. The nilgiri biosphere reserve is rich in flora and fauna including 3,300 species of which 2 are endemic. The place inhabits many national parks and wildlife sanctuaries like mudumalai, mukurthi, nagarhole, and bandipur national parks, wayanad and sathyamangalam wildlife sanctuaries etc. Nilgiri biosphore reserve is one of the international biosphere reserve in the western ghats which lies in south india.
Patterns in abundance and seasonality of insects in the. Nilgiri biosphere reserve area is located at the foothills of the famous nilgiris hills or blue mountains at the meeting point of two majestic mountain ranges the western ghats and the eastern ghats and shares boundaries. Asian elephant, population, nilgiri biosphere reserve. Pdf growth and metabolic characteristics of oleaginous.
Nilgiri biosphere reserve kerala 2020 what to know. May 03, 2019 loss of biodiversity the iucn red list 2004 documents the extinction of 784 species in the last 500 years. Bandipur tiger reserve and national park spread over an area of about 874. It is one of the worlds biodiversity hotspots and provides habitat for the probably largest south indian populations of tiger panthera tigris, elephant elephas maximus and other large mammals. The nilgiri biosphere reserve is an international biosphere reserve in the western ghats and. Weed flora of nilgiri biosphere reserve, south india. Conservation of woody tree species at nadukani tropical.
Being situated within the western ghats mountain range, it supports a vast and diverse flora and fauna. As the biosphere reserve concept was aimed at sustainable development, the term, reserve, should be replaced with a suitable word. Significant decline of forest fires in nilgiri biosphere. As we all know static awareness is one of the most important sections asked in competitive exams like ibps, sbi, ssc, railway, state pcs and other competitive exams. Nilgiri designated as a biosphere reserve in the year 1986, nilgiri falls within the state boundaries of. Introduction asian elephant elephas maximus an endangered species today, about 6000. It is located in the western ghats and includes 2 of the 10 biogeographical provinces of india. Str is a part of the nilgiri biosphere reserve, and is contiguous with brt tiger reserve, mudumalai national park, bandipur national park and masinagudi sigur plateau. Nilgiri biosphere reserve located in the north western corner of tamil nadu, are bounded on the north by mysore district of karnataka, on the west and south west by wyanad district of kerala on the east by erode district and south by coimbatore district of tamil nadu states. It is one of the most popular biosphere reserves in india. The nilgiri biosphere reserve is an international biosphere reserve in the western ghats and nilgiri hills ranges of south india. These regions of environmental protection roughly correspond to iucn category v protected areas.
The nilgiri biosphere reserve encompasses various national parks and wildlife parks under its circumference. Malabar wildlife sanctuary 1 words exact match in snippet view article find links to article western ghats, a biodiversity hotspot. The annual rainfall of the reserve ranges from 500 mm to 7000 mm with temperature ranging from 0c during winter to 41c during summer. Latest and breaking news on nilgiri biosphere reserve. This is the most important topic which you should prepare to score good marks. Molecular lab, department of anthropology, north campus, university of delhi. Regional variation in nontimber forest product harvest. Biosphere reserves of mab were designed with a core zone with maximum protection, a buffer zone with regulated activities, and a transition. Dandelianshi tiger reserve comprises of dandeli wildlife sanctuary and anshi national park, which are contiguous in the western ghats. Nilgiri biosphere reserve area is located at the foothills of the famous nilgiris hills or blue mountains at the meeting point of two majestic mountain ranges the western ghats and the eastern ghats and shares boundaries with tamil nadu. Download the list of 18 biosphere reserves in india pdf.
Nilgiri biosphere reserve nature park is the most popular biosphere reserves in india and the major national park and wildlife sanctuary of south india. The nilgiri biosphere reserve nature park of south india. Geospatial assessment and monitoring of historical forest. The annual rainfall of the reserve ranges from 500 mm to 7000 mm with. Gudalur in nilgiri biosphere reserve of nilgiris district under hill area development programme hadp over 242. It also comes under the nilgiri biosphere reserve and forms a part of the wayanad elephant reserve. New amarambalam forms part of the core area of nilgiri biosphere reserve and so far no detailed study has been conducted to throw light on the floristic richness and diversity of this most important component of the biosphere reserve. The present study aimed at identification, isolation, and characterization of oleaginous microalgae from shola forests of nilgiri biosphere reserve nbr, the biodiversity hot spot of india, where the microalgal diversity has not yet been systematically investigated. The park boasts of over 430 species of 25,000 plants in addition to several species of mammals, reptiles, birds etc. The reserve encompasses portions of the western ghats and nilgiri hills in the states of karnataka, kerala, and tamil nadu. Established in 1936, nilgiri biosphere reserve or nilgiri biosphere nature park is an initiative of the government to preserve the rich flora and fauna of the nilgiris. As per the updated records of the government of india, there is a total of 18 biosphere reserves in our country.
The nilgiri biosphere reserve a biosphere reserve and national park of india, within karnataka, kerala, and tamil nadu states, in south india. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Murugan1 1botanical survey of india, southern regional centre, tnau campus, coimbatore 641 003. The nilgiri biosphere reserve is an international biosphere reserve in the western ghats, nilgiri hills range of south india. It includes the aralam, mudumalai, mukurthi, nagarhole, bandipur and silent valley national parks, as well as the wayanad and sathyamangalam wildlife. It has a long history of harvest for medicinal and spiritual uses ravikumar and ved 2000, but most commercial harvest today. Pdf weed flora of nilgiri biosphere reserve, south india. Nilgiri biosphere reserve wildlife sanctuaries, entry. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Pdf phytogeographical affinities of flora of nilgiri biosphere reserve. The nilgiri subcluster is a part of the western ghats, which was declared a world heritage site by unesco in 2012. Hence in this study, we have analyzed the spatial patterns of forest cover from georeferenced historical topographical maps and multitemporal satellite data in nilgiri biosphere reserve during 1920 to 2012.
The conversion of mudumalai wildlife sanctuary to mudumalai tiger reserve mtr in india is a conservation initiative under project tiger scheme to facilitate greater habitat connectivity across the nilgiri biosphere reserve. The nilgiri biosphere reserve nbr, a representative area of the western ghats india covers 5670 sq. List of endemic plants in the nilgiri biosphere reserve. Kanchenjunga biosphere reserve from india has been in the news recently for its entry into the world network of biosphere reserves under the unesco mab programme list. Nilgiri biosphere wildlife sanctuaries wildtrails recent.
This biosphere reserve represents a unique and threatened ecosystem in the tropics within the western ghats mountain system. Nilgiri biosphere reserve kerala 2020 all you need to. The park was previously known as nilgiri tahr national park. Explore nilgiri biosphere reserve profile at times of india for photos, videos and latest news of nilgiri. Indias biodiversity hotspot under anthropogenic pressure. Of the 3,300 species of flowering plants in the nilgiri biosphere reserve in southern india, 2 are endemic. During the long period 3 billion years since the origin and diversification of life on earth, there were five episodes of mass extinction of species.
The indian government has established 18 biosphere reserves in india categories roughly corresponding to iucn category v protected areas, which protect larger areas of natural habitat than a typical national park or animal sanctuary, and often include one or more national parks or preserves, along with buffer zones that are open to some economic uses. We interviewed local people in the mtr landscape to determine their interest and attitude towards resettlement and. It was set up in 1986 as the first biospher reserve. Oct 04, 2008 bandipur is part of the nilgiri biosphere reserve. Nilgiri biosphere reserve nbr was established in 1986 and since then various environmental projects have been introduced in the region, across the three southern states of karnataka, tamil nadu. Habenaria richardiana orchidaceae, a little known endemic. The number of biosphere reserves established in 94 countries till may 2002 was 408.
A case study of nilgiri biosphere reserve by arun k. The indian government has established 18 biosphere reserves of india, which protect larger areas of natural habitat than a national park or wildlife sanctuary. It was established in the year 1986, as the first biosphere reserve in india. In 2011, another 887 sq kms were added, bringing the size to 1,412 sq kms which makes it the largest wildlife sanctuary in tamilnadu. Know the functions of a biosphere reserve and know the three zones of the biosphere. The nilgiri biosphere reserve was the first biosphere reserve in india established in the year 1986.
The iucn red list 2004 documents the extinction of 784 species in the last 500 years some examples of recent extinctions include the three subspecies bali, javan, caspian of tiger. In india, 18 biosphere reserves have been set up by now fig. On 7 september 1985 the silent valley national park was formally inaugurated and a memorial at sairandhri to indira gandhi was unveiled by rajiv gandhi, her son and the next prime minister. On 1 september 1986 silent valley national park was designated as the core area of the nilgiri biosphere reserve. Some examples of recent extinctions include the three subspecies bali, javan, caspian of tiger. These reserves are designed to help promote education a research. Book your tickets online for nilgiri biosphere reserve, kerala. Reservestamil nadu, nilgiri biosphere reserve karnataka, similipal biosphere reserve odisha, dibru saikhowa assam, pachmarhi madhya pradesh during the last three years and the current year due to nonsubmission of requisite documents. Altogether 860 species of insects were recorded during this study from new amarambalam. Nanda devi biosphere reserve uttarakhand, gulf of mannar biosphere reserves tamil nadu, nilgiri biosphere reserve karnataka, similipal biosphere reserve odisha, dibru saikhowa assam, pachmarhi madhya pradesh during the last three years and the current year due to nonsubmission of requisite documents.
This paper presents data on the impact of biotic pressure in terms of grazing by livestock and wood cutting by humans on the plant community in the nilgiri biosphere res. Biosphere reserves are large areas of bio diversity where flora and fauna are protected. Nanda devi, sunder bans, nilgiri and gulf of manar. Before this, we can register only three collections from nilgiris in the year 1850 robert wight, 1883 gamble and 1970 vajravelu. For example, indias nilgiri biosphere reserve, which is one among the 25 global hotspots of biodiversity with diverse endemic fauna and flora, has been facing severe manmade ecological disturbances desai and baskaran, 1996, silori and mishra, 1995, silori and mishra, 2001. It is located in the nilgiri hills, a low mountain range of the western ghats system. Download pdf for the list of biosphere reserves in india to prepare for. The senior author has made extensive exploration in nilgiri biosphere reserve during the years 20122018 and located a single population with less than twenty individuals. The nilgiri biosphere reserve encompasses parts of tamilnadu, kerala and karnataka. Group on biosphere reserves of the iucn commission on ecosystem. Growth and metabolic characteristics of oleaginous microalgal isolates from nilgiri biosphere reserve of india article pdf available in bmc microbiology 181 january 2018 with 464 reads. Biosphere reserves are designated natural sites, comprising terrestrial or marine or coastal or combined ecosystems, which promote the conservation of biodiversity and minimizes the conflict between the development and nature conservation. Pdf state of asian elephant in nilgiri biosphere reserve, tamil.
Human habitations such as the staff quarters of twad and the coimbatore municipal corporation were close to the study area. Bio 110 nilgiri biosphere reserve 110409 a biosphere reserve is a place designed to protect the region. Article information, pdf download for nilgiri biosphere reserve. Urbanski, reish, wagner bio 110 nilgiri biosphere reserve. Biosphere reserves of mab were designed with a core zone with maximum protection, a buffer zone with regulated activities, and a transition zone outside the reserve proper. Download pdf for the list of biosphere reserves in india to prepare for the upcoming upsc exams. A wide range of ecosystems and species diversity are found in this region. Nilgiri biosphere reserve nbr was established in 1986 and since then. Nov 05, 2018 list of the 18 biosphere reserves in india pdf.
Conservation of woody tree species at nadukani tropical gene. The national park forms part of nilgiri biosphere reserve. There are currently 669 sites in 120 countries in world network of biosphere reserves wnbr of the man and biosphere mab programme. Pdf on jun 1, 1999, hs suresh and others published phytogeographical affinities of flora of nilgiri biosphere reserve find, read and cite all. Nilgiri biosphere nature park, coimbatore 2020 images. Etnobotanical studies on solanum species from nilgiri. List of biosphere reserves in india what is the biosphere reserve. Complete list of biosphere reserve free pdf list of biosphere reserve free pdf.
Growth and metabolic characteristics of oleaginous. Vulture population dwindling in nilgiris biosphere reserve. These reserves can be considered a living laboratory unesco for scientists and researchers. It is part of nilgiri biosphere reserve along with mudumalai wildlife sanctuary, bandipur national park, nagarhole national park, wayanad wildlife sanctuary and silent valley. A case study of nilgiri biosphere reserve online for rs. Pdf the man and biosphere program of unesco mab was a pioneer in recognizing the role of local communities in the conservation of. Biosphere reserves in india important biosphere reserves. Habenaria richardiana orchidaceae, a little known endemic orchid from nilgiri biosphere reserve india v. Nilgiris biosphere reserve covers an area of 5000 square kilometres of the nilgiri hill ranges its surrounding environments in the states of tamil nadu 2537.
Abstract biosphere reserves are representative parts of natural and cultural landscapes extending over large area of. Of these, 535 species belonging to 14 orders and 83 families were collected from representative sample plots laid out in different forest types at various altitudes in order. The government must take strict steps against alien species invading various biosphere reserves eg nilgiri biosphere reserve. Nilgiri biosphere reserve wildlife sanctuaries, entry fee. Urbanski, reish, wagner bio 110 nilgiri biosphere reserve 11. The nilgiri biosphere reserve falls under the biogeographic region of the malabar rain forest.
361 191 559 730 647 653 866 816 772 298 1247 1424 1364 418 1123 821 1332 718 1030 1209 835 12 240 432 1143 619 556 466 1096 1013 245 203 1314 19 350 1204 424 1155